Minggu, 17 Juni 2012


Bibliography Citation
Pakenham, K. J. (2004). Sociolinguistic: Sociolinguistic rules of speaking. Australia: Pearson.

Introduction
The article I choose to review for this assignment is entitled sociolinguistic rules of speaking of the author Kenneth J Pakenham (2004). In this article, the author explains that to be effective communicators and produces speech that is true in a second language and explains how the importance of learning sociolinguistic because of the many ethnic and cultural different, it does not close the possibility of a misunderstanding when there is not our knowledge about sociolinguistic. I chose this article because I think with the procedures and rules of good speaking with the knowledge we have about this sociolinguistic it will make it easier to understand a foreign culture and interact with other countries,
Language of cultural differences often because misunderstandings occur, due to lack of knowledge about the culture and language of other people we have, it is a thing that often happens around us, the small sample especially in Indonesia itself is a country whose territory is very extensive with the population composed of various ethnic groups, the Indonesian usage also varied. When some people speak in a language that cannot be understood, first a variety of sounds and the sound is intermittent and very complicated. So that the social identity of the speakers can be known from the question of what and who speakers are, and how this relates to the opponent he said. So sociolinguistic is very important role to be studied and known to speak in a language that is as expected. And now I will explain a little information about sociolinguistic with help from some books and I hope we can add to knowledge that is useful and beneficial to us all. This article is suitable for the student at the university.
Summary
Traditional linguistic research has focused most of its attention on exploring linguistic competence, the rules that govern the grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation of language. This approach may have reinforced a widespread but erroneous belief about second language learning. And Sociolinguistic argue, however, that linguistic competence by no means guarantees successful communication. Its crucial shortcoming is that it does not ensure that you can understand and produce socially appropriate speech in the second language.
To see what sociolinguistic mean, consider the following conversation and its outcome. This conversation between a U.S host and a foreign student is hypothetical. U.S host: would you like some more dessert? Do have some? Student: no, thank you very much (Pakenham, 2004).
The host changes the topic of conversation and doesn’t mention dessert again. The student really did want more dessert but was trying to appear polite by refusing. He remains hungry and might even feel offended because the host has not repeated the offer.  The speech of each participant is linguistically correct, the student has communicated to the host a false impression of his wishes; he does, in fact, want more dessert. The host, for her part has interpreted the refusal as a genuine one. In the conversation realizes, though, that there has been a misunderstanding” (pakenham, 2004, p. 123)
For sociolinguistic, such misunderstanding offer evidence for the existence of sociolinguistic rules of speaking. Just the grammar, vocabulary, and phonological rules of our linguistic competence help us to produce linguistically correct speech; they are acquired and applied, usually unconsciously by members of given culture. There is extensive empirical data to support both the claim that the sociolinguistic rules of speaking exist and that they may differ from culture to culture” (Pakenham, 2004, p. 123-124).
From the evidence presented in the preceding paragraph, it is clear that different cultures have different standard for what is socially appropriate linguistic behavior in similar circumstances. The rules for when and how to perform such actions may differ greatly from culture to culture. Does it follow, however, that second language learners need to master the rules of the culture whose language that they are learning?” (Pakenham, 2004, p. 123).
Reactions like this are relatively common in situations in which intercultural miscommunication occurs. One typical response is to jump to a conclusion and to attribute a negative quality in this case, lack of politeness to the person whose language was understood linguistically but misinterpreted sociolinguistic ally. Learners of a second language therefore need to be aware that the rules for polite interactions are not universal. They must also be ready to modify their speech to conform to the sociolinguistic conventions of the society they are in (Pakenham, 2004, p. 123).
Critique
In this article, Kenneth said that Sociolinguistics argues that linguistic competence does not mean guarantee successful communication. Important drawback is that it does not guarantee that you can understand and produce appropriate social speech in a second language’’ (Pakenham, 2004). So learn sociolinguistic alone can not necessarily guarantee success in becoming effective communicators who are not much less how to learn.
Learn about sociolinguistic is the activities I had never done before because I think it is the sociolinguistic not interesting for me. But, after I read this article, I argue that by means of these sociolinguistic differences in language we can understand it, and it was of no interest to change. Although this article only explains a little about the sociolinguistic material, however, contain the contents of this article can make me interested to know more about the sociolinguistic.
In the article, provide knowledge about what is sociolinguistics, the authors also show a sample so that I as a reader can know more about what it is and the importance of studying sociolinguistic and more concise explanation but it is easy to understand, besides that the explanation is also accompanied by examples as evidence explanation in this article about the role of linguistic culture in a language. One example is from a conversation between the host and student. Host said the U.S. host: would you like some more dessert? Do have some? Then students answer that, the Student: no, thank you very much’’ (Pakenham, 2004). So from this conversation that the linguistic seen nothing wrong between them, but because of cultural differences in language, causing misunderstanding. So this is where the role of the linguistic study.
In this article has a bit of an explanation than from any other book giving out a lot more explanation than this article. Although this article only describes the sociolinguistic short enough, but I am sure that this article could provide a better example for us about the sociolinguistic especially for us as students who are just learning about the sociolinguistic.
Differences in this article from a few books can be seen from Wijana & Rohmadi’s book, this volume discusses and covers more broadly about the role of the linguistic community, but the explanation is not significantly more focused on language variation, language selection and language characteristics, such as a book of sociolinguistic Wijana and Rohmadi, they also provide some additional social class. Rohmadi Wijana and said that "The complexity of the consequences that make it possible to grapple with some of the profession in their lives" (Wijana & Rohmadi, 2006, p 47). Not based on language culture according to the article above.
Recommendation
After I read the article, I can say that if this article especially interesting to me I read and we can apply to our future life, as I have said earlier on section critique, so all the advantages of this article have I lay out above starting from how to form of the contents of this article, how to handle it, until the message conveyed any message, especially the importance of this article for the public, especially for students. After I know the advantages of this article, the point I suggest for students to read this article and study this article, especially applying our future life. So I think for recommendation only that can I mention because I have to say in critique.  In essential is this article can give us much knowledge for the readers. So let’s read this article.

References:       
Pakenham, K. J. (2004). Sociolinguistic: Sociolinguistic rules of speaking. Australia: Pearson
Wijana, D. P., & Rohmadi, M. (2006). Sociolinguistic. Yogyakarta: Pustaka pelajar 

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