Bibliography
Citation
Pakenham, K. J. (2004).
Sociolinguistic: Sociolinguistic rules of
speaking. Australia: Pearson.
Introduction
The
article I choose to review for this assignment is entitled sociolinguistic rules of speaking of the author Kenneth J Pakenham
(2004). In this article, the author explains that to be effective communicators
and produces speech that is true in a second language and explains how the
importance of learning sociolinguistic because of the many ethnic and cultural
different, it does not close the possibility of a misunderstanding when there
is not our knowledge about sociolinguistic. I chose this article because I
think with the procedures and rules of good speaking with the knowledge we have
about this sociolinguistic it will make it easier to understand a foreign
culture and interact with other countries,
Language
of cultural differences often because misunderstandings occur, due to lack of
knowledge about the culture and language of other people we have, it is a thing
that often happens around us, the small sample especially in Indonesia itself
is a country whose territory is very extensive with the population composed of
various ethnic groups, the Indonesian usage also varied. When some people speak
in a language that cannot be understood, first a variety of sounds and the
sound is intermittent and very complicated. So that the social identity of the
speakers can be known from the question of what and who speakers are, and how
this relates to the opponent he said. So sociolinguistic is very important role
to be studied and known to speak in a language that is as expected. And now I
will explain a little information about sociolinguistic with help from some
books and I hope we can add to knowledge that is useful and beneficial to us
all. This article is suitable for the student at the university.
Summary
Traditional
linguistic research has focused most of its attention on exploring linguistic
competence, the rules that govern the grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation of
language. This approach may have reinforced a widespread but erroneous belief
about second language learning. And Sociolinguistic argue, however, that
linguistic competence by no means guarantees successful communication. Its
crucial shortcoming is that it does not ensure that you can understand and
produce socially appropriate speech in the second language.
To see what
sociolinguistic mean, consider the following conversation and its outcome. This
conversation between a U.S host and a foreign student is hypothetical. U.S
host: would you like some more dessert? Do have some? Student: no, thank you
very much (Pakenham, 2004).
The
host changes the topic of conversation and doesn’t mention dessert again. The
student really did want more dessert but was trying to appear polite by
refusing. He remains hungry and might even feel offended because the host has
not repeated the offer. The speech of
each participant is linguistically correct, the student has communicated to the
host a false impression of his wishes; he does, in fact, want more dessert. The
host, for her part has interpreted the refusal as a genuine one. In the
conversation realizes, though, that there has been a misunderstanding”
(pakenham, 2004, p. 123)
For
sociolinguistic, such misunderstanding offer evidence for the existence of
sociolinguistic rules of speaking. Just the grammar, vocabulary, and
phonological rules of our linguistic competence help us to produce
linguistically correct speech; they are acquired and applied, usually
unconsciously by members of given culture. There is extensive empirical data to
support both the claim that the sociolinguistic rules of speaking exist and
that they may differ from culture to culture” (Pakenham, 2004,
p. 123-124).
From
the evidence presented in the preceding paragraph, it is clear that different
cultures have different standard for what is socially appropriate linguistic
behavior in similar circumstances. The rules for when and how to perform such
actions may differ greatly from culture to culture. Does it follow, however,
that second language learners need to master the rules of the culture whose language
that they are learning?” (Pakenham, 2004, p. 123).
Reactions
like this are relatively common in situations in which intercultural
miscommunication occurs. One typical response is to jump to a conclusion and to
attribute a negative quality in this case, lack of politeness to the person
whose language was understood linguistically but misinterpreted sociolinguistic
ally. Learners of a second language therefore need to be aware that the rules
for polite interactions are not universal. They must also be ready to modify
their speech to conform to the sociolinguistic conventions of the society they
are in
(Pakenham, 2004, p. 123).
Critique
In
this article, Kenneth said that Sociolinguistics argues that linguistic
competence does not mean guarantee successful communication. Important drawback
is that it does not guarantee that you can understand and produce appropriate
social speech in a second language’’ (Pakenham, 2004). So learn sociolinguistic
alone can not necessarily guarantee success in becoming effective communicators
who are not much less how to learn.
Learn
about sociolinguistic is the activities I had never done before because I think
it is the sociolinguistic not interesting for me. But, after I read this
article, I argue that by means of these sociolinguistic differences in language
we can understand it, and it was of no interest to change. Although this
article only explains a little about the sociolinguistic material, however,
contain the contents of this article can make me interested to know more about
the sociolinguistic.
In
the article, provide knowledge about what is sociolinguistics, the authors also
show a sample so that I as a reader can know more about what it is and the
importance of studying sociolinguistic and more concise explanation but it is
easy to understand, besides that the explanation is also accompanied by
examples as evidence explanation in this article about the role of linguistic
culture in a language. One example is from a conversation between the host and
student. Host said the U.S. host: would you like some more dessert? Do have
some? Then students answer that, the Student: no, thank you very much’’
(Pakenham, 2004). So from this conversation that the linguistic seen nothing
wrong between them, but because of cultural differences in language, causing
misunderstanding. So this is where the role of the linguistic study.
In
this article has a bit of an explanation than from any other book giving out a
lot more explanation than this article. Although this article only describes
the sociolinguistic short enough, but I am sure that this article could provide
a better example for us about the sociolinguistic especially for us as students
who are just learning about the sociolinguistic.
Differences in this
article from a few books can be seen from Wijana & Rohmadi’s book, this
volume discusses and covers more broadly about the role of the linguistic
community, but the explanation is not significantly more focused on language
variation, language selection and language characteristics, such as a book of
sociolinguistic Wijana and Rohmadi, they also provide some additional social
class. Rohmadi Wijana and said that "The complexity of the consequences
that make it possible to grapple with some of the profession in their
lives" (Wijana & Rohmadi, 2006, p 47). Not based on language culture
according to the article above.
Recommendation
After
I read the article, I can say that if this article especially interesting to me
I read and we can apply to our future life, as I have said earlier on section
critique, so all the advantages of this article have I lay out above starting
from how to form of the contents of this article, how to handle it, until the
message conveyed any message, especially the importance of this article for the
public, especially for students. After I know the advantages of this article,
the point I suggest for students to read this article and study this article,
especially applying our future life. So I think for recommendation only that
can I mention because I have to say in critique. In essential is this article can give us much
knowledge for the readers. So let’s read this article.
References:
Pakenham,
K. J. (2004). Sociolinguistic:
Sociolinguistic rules of speaking. Australia: Pearson
Wijana, D. P., &
Rohmadi, M. (2006). Sociolinguistic. Yogyakarta:
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